What is the difference between observation and conclusion

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Press ESC to cancel. Skip to content Home Physics What is the difference between observation and conclusion? Ben Davis March 4, What is the difference between observation and conclusion? Observation is said to be scientific when it serves the formulated purpose of research. It involves the collection and recording of data, events and objects in a systematic manner.

Further, the data is subjected to checks and controls to ensure validity and reliability of data. Under this method, the investigator does not rely on the respondent for information, i. Moreover, the information gathered is based on the current events, i. Observation can be structured or unstructured, disguised or undisguised.

It can be conducted in a natural or contrived environment. In simple terms, inference means assumption or conclusion drawn rationally on the basis of facts and observations. It is a calculated guess, which relies on the evidence and circumstances.

It is an element of reasoning and thinking, which can be accurate or inaccurate, justified or unjustified, logical or illogical. When the population size is large, it is impractical to study each and every item of the population, and that is why a sample is selected at random, which represents the entire population. On the basis of the sample so selected, generalisation is made about unknown characteristics of the population.

In statistics, inference involves two things i. Besides the differences mentioned above, observation and inferences are interrelated to each other in the sense that observation is what we notice when something takes place while inference is what we deduce on the basis of observations.

In this way, the inference is often understood as an interpretation of what is being observed. I just discovered Key Differences a few moments ago and have become acquainted with a great website! I wish more people would recognize and accept the difference. A lot of the conclusions we draw are based upon a process of elimination. If you only see one possible explanation for your observation, the process of elimination seems unnecessary.

I think this is the foundational idea for science. I teach it from day 1 in my empirical research methods class. It's nice to know that there's someone out there whose framed it in pretty much the same way I have. BTW, After spending the first half hour on this lesson, I then show The Big Lebowsky because it does such a good job of demonstrating the gap between observation and inference, and how making wrong assumptions can lead to wrong conclusions.

I always plead with people to question what they are told and balnace that with the reason of what they observe in real time. Alas, Americans seem to lazy to engage their brains for more than a decision of one lump or two in your morning coffee. But then there are observations and there are observations. Unfortunately, many times observation is tainted by misperception, and once a misperception has taken hold it can taint future observations. While I tend to agree that observation is a useful tool and I can say that observation and history has been the key to many a confusing diagnosis.

Hippocrates and Socrates taught that all medicine can be learned by observation the problem that lead to, however, was years of misconception of how the body functioned and treatments which consisted of bloodletting to release 'evil humors'. In life, many times observation and good common sense is enough. In science, observation needs to be supported by hypotheses, experiments, data, and then conclusions.

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