High rainfall, weak erosive soils, material availability, dense vegetation and remoteness of the site provide constant challenges to construction. The Observational Approach to construction was recommended by the designers and adopted by the mine operator. This involves a knowledgeable pre-assessment of what is likely to change and having contingency plans to deal with possible major issues.
The TSF has been in operation since August and monitoring data of the structures has been collected during construction and operation. This data is reviewed to confirm design assumptions and assess dam performance. Personnel involved with this project combined their experiences working in the PNG environment and dam building from other locations.
This process led to close interaction between the mine operators, designers and construction teams. Team work and diligent construction practices were and will continue to be necessary to construct and operate the pioneering TSF in PNG. An essential criterion for any new dam project in Australia is to provide for passage of fish past the structure in both the upstream and downstream direction.
In recent projects with a relatively high barrier this has been provided by mechanised systems such as locks, lifts or a combination of both. A nature-like fishway provides for passage of fish past a barrier by applying some of the features of natural streams. The concept has been increasingly applied to fishway designs in North America and Europe. A nature-like fishway will provide variable flow depths, velocities and turbulence across its width and along its length and is constructed using natural materials to simulate the natural stream characteristics.
The variable flow conditions coupled with the use of natural materials inherently result in different channel substrates that support the passage of a large range and size of fish species as well as other aquatic species. Where fish habitat has been depleted, a nature-like fishway can also supplement and enhance aquatic habitat. The performance of nature-like fishways can be difficult to quantify due the very nature of the system.
However, qualitative assessments in North America are indicating that a wide range of species are using such fishways and that fish species that were previously extirpated from rivers are again migrating.
The nature-like fishway concept has been applied to in-stream structures up to four metres high in the eastern states of Australia. However, the substantial progress made with this design in North America and Europe has not as yet been applied in this country. But disaster could strike come March. This is why. Man killed in plane crash weeks after Blue Origin flight into space. French authorities investigate alleged rape of soldier at Elysee Palace.
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